RT-15 · Initiation & Modification

Neonatal & Pediatric Respiratory Care

Delivery room resuscitation, surfactant, neonatal ventilation targets, and the pediatric airway differences that change every decision.

~20 min read3 concept sections·4 questions with rationale

What you'll be able to do

  • Apply neonatal resuscitation priorities and Apgar scoring
  • Manage respiratory distress syndrome and surfactant therapy
  • Set safe neonatal ventilation targets
  • Differentiate common pediatric upper airway emergencies
Concept breakdown
01

The delivery room

Ventilation, not oxygen, is the cornerstone of neonatal resuscitation.

  • Initial steps: warm, dry, stimulate, position, and clear the airway only if needed. Assess breathing and heart rate.
  • Heart rate under 100 with apnea or gasping → positive pressure ventilation at 40–60/min. Heart rate under 60 after 30 seconds of effective PPV → compressions at 3:1 with ventilation (90 compressions and 30 breaths per minute).
  • Term infants are resuscitated starting at 21% oxygen; preterm infants at 21–30%, titrated to targeted preductal saturations that begin near 60–65% at one minute and reach 85–95% by ten minutes.
  • Apgar is scored at 1 and 5 minutes for heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color. It documents status; it never delays resuscitation.
At the bedside

If the heart rate is not rising, the problem is almost always ventilation quality — reposition, clear the airway, and check the seal before escalating.

Practice quiz

Check yourself before you read the rationale.

Question 1 of 1

A term newborn is apneic with a heart rate of 70 after 30 seconds of drying and stimulation. The next step is:

Practice questions

Answer first, then read why the distractors fail.

Question 1

A term newborn is apneic with a heart rate of 70 after 30 seconds of drying and stimulation. The next step is:

Members only

2 more concept sections, 3 more questions, and the exam-day playbook for this module.

The free preview above gives you the opening concept, sample quiz, and practice questions. Unlock the full module for every breakdown, bedside note, rationale-driven question, and the test-day playbook.

Checking your access…

Keep going

Other RRT guides in the library

RT-01

Arterial Blood Gas Interpretation

A repeatable four-step read of any ABG — acid-base status, compensation, oxygenation, and the clinical story that produced it.

→
RT-02

Mechanical Ventilation Fundamentals

Modes, initial settings, and the pressure readings that tell you whether the problem is the circuit, the airway, or the lung.

→
RT-03

Oxygen Delivery Devices

Low-flow versus high-flow logic, deliverable FiO2 ranges, and how to choose the device that matches the patient's inspiratory demand.

→
RT-04

Pulmonary Function Test Interpretation

How to sort obstructive from restrictive patterns, grade severity, and read the bronchodilator and diffusion results that follow.

→
RT-05

Airway Management: Intubation, Tracheostomy & Suctioning

Tube selection, placement confirmation, cuff management, suctioning technique, and the emergency airway decisions the exam asks about most.

→
RT-06

Mechanical Ventilation: Monitoring, Graphics & Waveforms

Reading scalars and loops to localize a problem — resistance versus compliance, auto-PEEP, asynchrony, and leaks — before touching a setting.

→
RT-07

Ventilator Weaning, Liberation & Extubation

Readiness criteria, the spontaneous breathing trial, the numbers that predict success, and how to recognize post-extubation failure early.

→
RT-08

Noninvasive Ventilation, CPAP & BiPAP

Who benefits, who must be intubated instead, how to set IPAP and EPAP, and how to tell in two hours whether NIV is working.

→
RT-09

Patient History, Chart Review & Physical Assessment

Building the clinical picture before you touch a device — history, vitals, inspection, auscultation, and the lab values that change respiratory decisions.

→
RT-10

Pharmacology: Bronchodilators, Steroids & Adjunct Agents

Drug classes by mechanism, dosing, side effects, and the exam's favorite question: which agent for this patient, right now.

→
RT-11

Chest Radiograph & Imaging Interpretation

A systematic read of the portable film — line and tube position, the classic pathology patterns, and what imaging can and cannot answer.

→
RT-12

Humidity, Aerosol Therapy & Bland Aerosol

Choosing humidifiers and nebulizers, particle size and deposition, delivery technique, and the troubleshooting the exam expects.

→
RT-13

Bronchial Hygiene, Lung Expansion & Hyperinflation Therapy

Secretion clearance and lung expansion therapies — who needs which, how to judge effectiveness, and when to stop.

→
RT-14

Emergency Care, ACLS, Resuscitation & Transport

The therapist's role in codes: high-quality CPR metrics, airway and ventilation during arrest, capnography feedback, and safe transport.

→
RT-16

Hemodynamic Monitoring & Cardiac Assessment / ECG

Reading pressures and rhythms the way a therapist must: what the number means, what it changes, and which rhythm needs action now.

→
RT-17

Infection Control, Sterilization & Equipment Quality Control

Isolation precautions, disinfection levels, equipment processing, and the quality control checks the exam expects you to perform and interpret.

→
RT-18

Chronic Disease Management, Home Care & Pulmonary Rehab

Long-term oxygen criteria, home equipment selection, sleep-disordered breathing, patient education, and rehabilitation outcomes.

→
RT-19

Equipment Assembly & Troubleshooting

The NBRC tests equipment failure constantly: what breaks, what the patient looks like when it breaks, and the fix you perform before you call anyone.

→
RT-20

Medical Gas Supply & Cylinder Systems

Cylinder duration math, safety index systems, regulators, and bulk supply — the calculation questions you can guarantee will appear.

→
RT-21

Sleep-Disordered Breathing & Titration

Obstructive versus central events, AHI severity, and how a CPAP or bilevel titration is actually driven overnight.

→
RT-22

Bronchoscopy & Special Procedures

Assisting with bronchoscopy, thoracentesis, chest tubes, and arterial lines — the setup, the monitoring, and the complication you must catch.

→
RT-23

Protocols, Documentation & Professional Ethics

Therapist-driven protocols, charting that holds up, scope of practice, and the ethics questions the NBRC scores as clinical judgment.

→
RT-24

Capnography & Bedside Monitoring

Waveform capnography, the PaCO2–EtCO2 gradient, pulse oximetry limits, and the monitors that tell you the truth before the gas does.

→
RT-25

Specialty Gas Therapy: Heliox, Nitric Oxide & Hyperbarics

When density, selective vasodilation, or dissolved oxygen is the therapy — indications, delivery, monitoring, and the toxic endpoints.

→
RT-26

Tracheostomy & Long-Term Airway Care

Tube anatomy, cuff management, speaking valves, decannulation, and the emergency that kills — a dislodged fresh trach.

→
RT-27

Laboratory Data & Microbiology Interpretation

Electrolytes, CBC, coagulation, cardiac and sputum data read the way a respiratory therapist has to read them.

→
RT-28

Patient Transport & Disaster Response

Intrahospital and flight transport planning, gas supply math under pressure, and triage when resources run out.

→
RT-29

Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Education & Smoking Cessation

Exercise prescription, breathing retraining, adherence teaching, and the cessation counseling the exam expects you to deliver.

→